PHYSCO
EDUCATION OF MENTAL
HEALTH AS PREVENTION STEP
TO REALIZE
THE HOLISTIC HEALTH SOCIETY IN BONGSREN, GILANGHARJO VILLAGE, DISTRICT PANDAK,
BANTUL YOGYAKARTA
Dewa Ayu Eka
Purba Dharmatari
Students of Post Graduate Professional Clinical Psychology Program
Ahmad Dahlan University Yogyakarta
ABSTRACT: Mental health is the realization of a
genuine harmony between psychological functions and the creation of adjustment
among individuals with itself and its environment based on faith and piety and
aims to achieve a meaningful and happy life in this world and the hereafter. If
healthy mental achieved, then the individual has the integration, customization
and positive identification of others. In this case, individuals learn to
accept responsibility, be self-sufficient and achieve integration behavior.
Healthy psychiatric extremely difficult to defend, so many people suffering
from mental disorder problem that, if not get a suitable way out then it could
be the person's mental disorder. So all human beings experience pain and
healthy duality. physo education for the provision of mental health information
can be a strategic move to prevent the occurrence of mental disorders and
public health can realize a comprehensive and holistic physical, mental, social
and spiritual.
Keywords:
mental health, physo education, holistic health society
INTRODUCTION
Health conditions that are being
experienced in the world is the transformation and change of the number of
complaints to be non-infectious diseases or mental disorders infections
accompanied by other diseases. This is caused by several factors such as
lifestyle, people's behavior, and lifestyle content value itself. As an
illustration, life is dominated by career a priority in life where if the
pattern of life in a society focused on a career that eventually there will be
a period of saturated and eventually leads to stress which can interfere with a
person's mental health.
In Indonesia, the prevalence of a
population that has a mental health disorder in achieving 185/1000, which
ideally when the prevalence of a population exceeding 100/1000 the population
can be classified as a population that deserves full attention to mental health
issues. According to prevalence data points are scattered in various provinces
in Indonesia, such as in Aceh and on Java illustrate the extent of the health
problems that occur at this time. However, when viewed from the aspect of
social welfare and quality of life of its people, Indonesia has increased
compared to 10 years ago where it indicates the government has begun to
undertake and carry out preventive efforts and treatment related issues above.
Some research suggests that welfare has a relationship with psychosocial
problems and behavior. In Indonesia, people are more and more stress.
The importance of the discussion of
mental health and psychosocial problems are due to the fact the current
prevalence of mental health disorders in the world has reached 25%, and 40% of
it is the fault of the diagnosis and ultimately lead to spending money for
various purposes that are less essential and appropriate. Where the majority of
these patients are adults and dating with physical complaints where there is no
previous history of mental disorders. For example, a patient aged 45 years who
went to the doctor complaining of abdominal pain, flu, sore, and felt
terrorized by certain parties, then as doctors focus more on the flu and so
were diagnosed as Rheumatoid, Arthtritis, then the patient must pay for various
diagnostic tests and treatment for many years and did not go away. After the
patient tries to consult psychiatrists found that the patients had a diagnosis
of mental disorders. The above sample obtained from the importance of mental
health and psychosocial issues in the community to support the realization of a
good health system.
Based from the realization that
mental health was apparently very influential in the development of the health
world today then made policies to manage and overcome such problems with the
main objective to deal with mental health issues faced by people at all levels
of health care. The main objectives is found also that more specific goals that
early detection of mental health disorders, treatment that is right, and that
an effective referral system from all levels of health care. For this reasons
WHO (World Health Organization) appealed to developing countries where
Indonesia is one of them, to improve system services against harmful health.
Of all the explanations above, it can be
concluded that the issue of mental health disorders in the world, especially in
Indonesia and especially in Yogyakarta is an important issue that must be
addressed so as not to impede the realization of Indonesia's health and the
world as a whole. Where handling and effort that can be done is to conducts
facilities throughout the area starting from the health center levels to the
higher levels, and the provision of basic information on important health
issues will be considered important as a preventive aid to fight the
government's effort to empower communities in a holistic manner.
DEFINITION
AND CHARACTERISTICS OF MENTAL HEALTH
(MENTAL
HYGIENE)
Mental hygiene refers to the
development and application of a set of practical principles are directed to
the achievement and maintenance of psychological elements and the prevention of
mental disorders or possible timbulanya malajudjusment. Related to mental
health (1) how we think, feel the daily life, (2) how we see ourselves and
themselves and others, and (3) how do we evaluate the alternatives and make
decisions. As with physical health, mental health is very important for every
phase of life. includes mental health efforts to cope with stress, relate to
others, and make decisions.
The mental health from good to bad,
and everyone will experience it. not a few people, at certain times of
experiencing mental health problems during her life span. Mental functions such
as thoughts, feelings, attitudes, views and beliefs of life, should be able to
help each other and cooperate with each other so that it can be said that the
existence of harmony keep people from feeling free and protected from anxiety and
inner conflict (conflict).
CHARACTERISTICS
OF THE MENTAL HEALTH
A. Avoid the Mental Disorder
Zakiyah Daradjat (1975) a
distinction between mental disorders (neurose) with psychiatric illness
(psychosis), namely:
1.
Neurose still see and feel the
difficulty, psychosis not otherwise taxable.
2.
Neurose personality is not far from
reality and still live in the reality of nature in general. whereas psychosis
kepribadiaannya hit from all sides (responses, feelings / emotions, and
impulses) are disturbed, no integrity, and he lives far away from the realm of
reality.
B. Able To Do Self-Adjusmnet
Self-adjustment is a process for
obtaining / needs (needs satisfaction), and coping with stress, conflict,
frustration, and certain problems with certain ways. A person can be said to
have a normal adjustment if he is able to meet the needs and overcome the
problem fairly, do not hurt yourself and the environment, as well as the
corresponding with religious norms.
C. Harnessing the potential maximum
Mentally healthy individual is able
to exploit its potential, in activities in a positive and constructive for the
development of his qualities. use it as in learning activities (at home, at
school or within the community), working,
organizing, developing hobbies, and
sports.
D. Achieved personal happiness and
others
Mentally healthy person displays
behavior or response-response to the situation in meeting their needs, provide
a positive impact for themselves and or others. He has a principle that does
not sacrifice the rights of others for the sake of their own destiny at the
expense of others. Any activity aimed at achieving happiness together
THE RESULTS OF
FIELD ASSESSMENT
A. Kancah Orientation
Gilangharjo
is a village in the district Pandak, Bantul, Yogyakarta, Indonesia. This
village has a ± 726 acres, consisting of 15 and 91 RT. The fifteen villages
include: Dusun Kadisoro, Dusun Jodog, Dusun Karangasem, Dusun Daleman, Dusun Jomboran,
Dusun Kauman, Dusun Kadekrowo, Dusun Bongsren, Dusun Ngaran, Dusun
Karanggede, Dusun Gunting , Dusun Depok,
Dusun Tegallurung, Dusun Banjarwaru and Dusun Krekah. The population of the village in
2009 Gilangharjo is comprised of as many as 16 390 4653 households. Gilangharjo village has a variety of potential
tourism are among the golden triangle area of Bantul,
Yogyakarta is Gabusan, Manding, and Tembi. Village location is only about 45
minutes from the center of the city of Yogyakarta. With the motto of the
Village "Walk Unison Towards Independence". With the motto of the
village must make its own paradigm in the community in order to empower the
youngest starting with yourself first, then family and villagers in general.
While the
work of our practice is in Dusun Bongsren. Dusun is the views of the community in general economic
activity, the majority of farm workers and building livelihoods are certainly
many who are below the poverty line. Nevertheless, population dynamics coming
from different backgrounds and different disciplines assortment of course
coloring is very influential in people's lives and livelihood patterns.
Bongsren is divided into four tring tring I consisted of RT 01, RT 02 and RT
04, then kring II consisted of RT 05 and RT 06, then to third Kring include RT 03 and RT 07 IV covers only. And
each headed by chairman, as well as the bevy of women and youth of Bongsren
also divided into four tring each led by their respective chairman tring
itself. Mapping community through sharing tring is done to facilitate the
coordination of any and all activity in the Bongsren
B.
Observation
Based on the observation,
communication and psychological conditions of the citizens can be demonstrated
by the following circumstances Bongsren citizens generally quite open to his
situation, acceptance of people towards the new people very well, most residents
greeted with a smile and a greeting when I see a light in the road and bumped
into dusun, communication with residents through activities via social
gathering, health posts and quite effective early childhood, when there is a
problem people often talked with neighbors who could be trusted, it appears
there are some people talking about a single citizen with other citizens, some
residents seemed very happy and excited when approached his house, indicated by
an intimate conversation with someone who just met.
C. Interview
C. Interview
Based on the interviews that have
been conducted with the head of Dusun Bongsren
that says "the life of the people here can say it walk naturally, without any
serious problem that is effected their life" a heterogeneous society
caused quite compact and complement each other. However, the Dukuh’s Master also said that some of their peoples in
several RT experiencing mental health problems to be stressed, such as the
following "There is people mental
disorders in RT 01, not far from here there is also people wih mental disorder,
he was young man, his house ner the tomb,
on top of village there are also many people with mental disorder"
However, based on interviews with
several people in the residents said that several that people in Bongsren often
in conflict with either the husband or the partner causing her discomfort with
one couple and ends with the number going Bongsren affair. As said by a women
that “it
is usual matter fight and having a conflict with husban, boyfriend or partner. All couples
will experinced it, but yeah it usually
due to economic problems, education fees
of their children. Then, if you are not satisfied with your couples, or your
husban, then it will be affair"
Narrated also by residents that a
few years ago there were people who had an affair and is known by people so
that citizens must pay a tax to the Dukuh’s Master, for placed they where
lived. In addition, people also told, that the economic problems is often an
important factor in the conflict of house of family let alone the cost of the
education of children and family needs must also be met causing a lot of
families that do not have good coping skills for dealing with problems in daily
life days.
While one of the boys Bongsren said
that young people in the Dusun Bongsren having the average of all education to
high school / vocational school, most of which have graduated high school went
to work and migrate to Jakarta Bekasi, Bandung and especially Tasik, but others
who are economically able to continue study, they are entering to the college. However, it also said that
there are some people in Bongsren on RT 04 that having poor social interation
in community, it is explained that they rarely out from house and rarely contact
with their peers. As said before "the youngster usually went to other city to
look for jobs, like to Jakarta, Bandung,
and Tasik. It’s because there were many factories in that cities. They get
the informations from their friends who has
settled down in those cities. More of us are Senior high school graduated,
because we dont have enough money to
entering collages.” It is said also that some of their friends having psychiatric disorders due to
economic problems and issues that eventually lose her boyfriend, they are out
of school and do not have a definite activity to date.
E. FGD (Focus Group Discussion)
FGD (Focus
Group Discussion) is a research method by Irwanto (1988:1) is defined as
"a process of collecting information on a very specific issues through
group discussion". In other words FGD is a process of gathering
information and not through the interview, rather than the individual, and not
a free discussion without any specific topic. FGD methods including qualitative
methods.
Based on the FGD by women’s volunteer called Dasa Wisma it was explained that in general Bongsren basically good and reasonable, but in recent years the problem of infidelity is often the case in Bongsren. This condition sometimes triggered by domestic problems motivated by economic factors that led to the relationship between the couple became strained. Residents also describes some of the problems associated with mental health of its citizens, among others, was one of the residents at RT 01 who experience mental disorders due to problems with his brother and causing dropouts.
Based on the FGD by women’s volunteer called Dasa Wisma it was explained that in general Bongsren basically good and reasonable, but in recent years the problem of infidelity is often the case in Bongsren. This condition sometimes triggered by domestic problems motivated by economic factors that led to the relationship between the couple became strained. Residents also describes some of the problems associated with mental health of its citizens, among others, was one of the residents at RT 01 who experience mental disorders due to problems with his brother and causing dropouts.
As quoted
below "in our village we live without any big problems. It is quite peacefull, if there is one or two
people with mental disorder, it is because they come from poor family, and not well educated. They usully act like to look
for other’s attention, like running around village and screams "While
saying that the existing poeple with mental disorder in RT 03 who have
psychological problems as described below "yes, it is true, in RT.03, but I can remember the name?she commite suicide
by plunging in wells, already twice it actually, but it is helped by husban then,
she’s survived finally "—“ while
in RT 04, a 21-year-old should attend the special school, but his parents are
forbidden to attend school for reasons of shame when children attend special
schools, but his son has the will and desire to go to school, so that children
do not get proper education and socially isolated and have no friends"
Another
problem is explained that in RT 05, a young man who suffered a nervous breakdown
due to reasons not to be married with her choice and then decided to help her
mother, who until now rarely go out and just do the activity in the house just
like the previously disclosed "it because his realtionship broke by his
girlfriend, then he is depressed, the problems seems as prohibited marriage and
untill " The same thing happened in RT 07 a girl who also had a
psychiatric disorder which caused problems because it was rejected by the man
she likes, "In RT 07 there was girl
broken heart, when the man she like is getting married she going
crazy. She can not accept the reality" Added another "for
those who seek treatment, it just going to the hospital, there is no psychological assistance from the
officer or doctor. If the depressed man or woman is going insane, usually going
to Grasia hospital"
Based on the
results of asessmen has been done through observation, interviews and focus
group discussions it can be concluded that the formulation of the problem is:
v
heterogeneous citizens Bongsren when
viewed from the side of education was not accompanied by an increase of
information and mental health services for their own people. So that the
necessary effort how to make people have a basic knowledge in advance about
mental health issues.
v
coping skills are still low on
society when faced with pressing situations in everyday life. So that the
necessary interventions to provide coping skills for the community.
MENTAL HEALTH INTERVENTION OF PHYSCO EDUCATION
Basically psikoedukasi intervention is selected in the
type of mental health counseling for the Ngaran and Bongsren the practice area.
According to Nelson- Jones (in Supratiknya, 2008) The reason for the use of
this method is seen from the strong interest among psychologists and counselors
to develop the field physco education or personal-social education:
1.
Country-developed countries are not
available and never will be available personnel, including paraprofessionals
psychologist-counselor in amounts sufficient to meet community needs for
psychological services individually. Nelson - Jones also added that the
community needs to be prepared to understand and be able to apply the
principles pasikologis alone in facing the challenges of daily life.
2.
In the past too much time and energy
devoted to the psikoliog-counselors to provide remedial services for small
groups of people in particular through the provision of individual counseling
services within the practice of psychology, it caused only economic upper class
society that can feel psychological services. Thus the demand to equalize the
provision of psychological services for the wider community.
3.
The growing awareness among
psychologist-counselor increasingly need to provide preventive and preventive
(prophylactic) and developmental for many groups of citizens living in various
settings.
4.
Accountability. In principle says
that the greater the results or benefits that can be derived from certain costs
incurred to carry out certain activities, the more accountable the one
activity. So if the psychologist-counselor is then just sit passively waiting
for clients to come indoors requested remedial counseling, efforts are less
accountable than if the psychologist-counselor pro-active in field service. physco
education within the Community
Among the counseling profession in the United States
known for a number of areas of specialization include: career counseling,
college counseling, community counseling, marriage and family counseling,
mental health counseling, rehabilitation counseling, school koseling, addiction
counseling or addiction, counseling, job placement, counseling offenders. Among
the various specialties, the most difficult community counseling supposedly
defined boundaries (Hershenson, Power & Waldo, 1996).
More specifically, there are a
number of characteristics that is used as a delimiter field community service
koseling (Hershenson, Power & Waldo, 1996):
a.
Services were held in a community
agency or community institutions such as mosques, churches, PKK; essentially
not schools or industry.
b.
Intervention focused on issues of
community life, not as individual problems or family.
c.
Service is proactive in the sense of
preventive-developmental, multifaceted or touching various aspects of the
client's needs, contextual, and empowering, and
d.
Aiming to develop a variety of
skills related to efforts to build a community metal health.
In the United States, the community counseling
services are quite important include the following institutions ((Hershenson,
Power & Waldo, 1996). Firstly, mental health centers, community. Institute
is typically prioritizes the provision of the following services
- Primary preventation or early prevention, aims to help groups or individuals deemed at high risk for behavioral disorders.
- Crisis interventation or mentoring face or cope with crisis situations.
- Consulting services, usually in the form of assistance to establish contact and consultation with the public service institutions, such as hospitals, rehabilitation centers drug abuse, and so forth
- Remediation and rehabilitation services, including measures of diagnosis and treatment of various types of mental disorders
- Physco education services, especially the provision of information and training in various skills towards improving mental health.
INTERVENTION
AND IMPLEMENTATION:
Counseling (giving physco education)
about mental health in general and socialize Clinical Psychologist role in the
psychological problems people seharai-day for the purpose of understanding and
knowledge of mental health as a way to prevent problems in the psychological
and psychiatric of Dusun Bongsren. The materials presented are:
a.
Provide an explanation of the notion
of mental health
b.
Provide an explanation of the
characteristics of a mentally healthy person
c.
Provide an explanation of the matter
"psychosomatic" consisting of psychosomatic sense, the occurrence of
psychosomatic physical symptoms arising from psychosomatic and ways to prevent
spikosomatis
d.
Provide an explanation of the
matter, namely psychological illness due to stress anxiety and depression), the
factors that cause stress, signs of stress, how to prevent and how to manage
emotional stress due to stress
e.
Provide an explanation of the role
of clinical psychologists in the community.
f.
Provide information that will need
real efforts in a holistic health are physical health, mental, social and
spiritual society can be achieved by role of paramedics, doctors, nurses,
psychologists, village, community, and society itself.
1)
Woman
Organization of PKK in Dusun Bongsren
Physco
education and extension materials on Mental Health held on Sunday, June 10,
2011 at the ECD Multipurpose Hall of Bongsren at 15:00 pm. At the beginning of this meeting is a
meeting of PKK Bongsren, gathering will be held. But after a discussion with
his own PKK cadres of intent and our goal, we finally are given the time to
fill out this physco education program. The target group of the planned 40
people, but attending this physco education program totaling 26 people, meaning
about 65% of these interventions can be quite successful.
2) Men Oganizations of Bongsren Kring I
Physco
education and extension materials on Mental Health was held on Thursday, June
14, 2011 at home Mr Sugiyo at 20:00 to 23:00 pm. At the beginning of this
meeting is a regular meeting gentlemen Bongsren Hamlet residents are tring I
will hold discussions on mutual assistance and siskamling event. However, after discussions with the member of organisation our goals and
purpose, ultimately we are given the time to fill out this physco education event.
The target group of 50 people who planned to attend, but who attended physco
education numbering 28 people, meaning about 56% of these interventions can be
quite successful in attracting interest of the citizens.
3) Youth and women Hamlet Bongsren
Physco
education and extension of matter for youth Bongsren Mental Health was held on
Saturday, July 7, 2011 at 20:00 to 21:30 pm. At the beginning of this meeting
is a regular meeting of Bongsren youth’s organization who will hold a meeting
before the month of Ramadan. However, after discussion with the Chairman of
young organization our goals and purpose, ultimately we are given the time to
fill out this physco education event. The target group of about 50 people who
planned to attend, but who attended physco education numbering 20 people,
meaning about 40% haya intervention can be said to be quite successful in
attracting youth.
RESULTS OF
INTERVENTION
Based on the results physco
education mental health interventions
that have been done, it can be concluded that most of the people especially the
aged Bongsren adult and youth after being given physco education quite have a
good understanding of mental health and mental state, especially for themselves
and their surroundings. Participants also learn the role of Clinical
Psychologist in the community and access to psychological care what it looks
like. This intervention also got a pretty good response as many people as given
physco education have direct awareness
to consult about their problems. People are also some quite sensitive and
sensitive to the issues surrounding environment. As for young people Bongsren
after post test results obtained are mostly youths after being given physco
education for mental health and giving them the new knowledge and true
understanding of mental health information in order to create public health in
a holistic manner.
DAFTAR
PUSTAKA
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Kesehatan RI, 1983. Pedoman Rehabilitasi Pasien Mental Rumah Sakit Jiwa di
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